Vijayanagara

• Nitrogen

  From 17,576 soil tests

  Okay
  Low 46% Medium 37% High 17%

  5 in 10 soil tests here came out low

  If your field is low: add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

  What this means

  Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

  Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	46%	37%	17%
  Karnataka	67%	29%	4%
  India	65%	29%	6%

• Phosphorus

  From 17,581 soil tests

  Good
  Low 19% Medium 37% High 44%

  2 in 10 soil tests here came out low

  What this means

  Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

  Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	19%	37%	44%
  Karnataka	7%	31%	62%
  India	13%	41%	45%

• Potassium

  From 17,581 soil tests

  Okay
  Low 33% Medium 54% High 13%

  3 in 10 soil tests here came out low

  If your field is low: add about a quarter more potash (MOP) than the usual dose.

  What this means

  Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

  Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	33%	54%	13%
  Karnataka	13%	47%	40%
  India	14%	53%	33%

• Organic carbon

  From 17,579 soil tests

  Okay
  Low 25% Medium 31% High 44%

  3 in 10 soil tests here came out low

  If your field is low: add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

  What this means

  Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

  Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

  Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	25%	31%	44%
  Karnataka	46%	32%	22%
  India	49%	28%	23%

• pH

  From 17,581 soil tests

  Okay
  Acidic 11% Neutral 76% Alkaline 13%

  1 in 10 soil tests here came out alkaline

  What this means

  How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

  Acidic Neutral Alkaline

  In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Acidic	Neutral	Alkaline
  Here	11%	76%	13%
  Karnataka	5%	92%	3%
  India	11%	86%	2%

• Salt

  From 17,548 soil tests

  Okay
  Not salty 76% Salty 24%

  2 in 10 soil tests here came out salty

  If your field is salty: grow crops that take salt, level the field, and wash the salt down with good water before sowing.

  What this means

  Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

  Not salty Salty

  Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Not salty	Salty
  Here	76%	24%
  Karnataka	98%	2%
  India	96%	4%

• Sulphur

  From 17,580 soil tests

  Poor
  Short 66% Enough 34%

  7 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: use single super phosphate instead of DAP, or add about 100 kg of gypsum per acre before sowing.

  What this means

  Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

  Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	66%	34%
  Karnataka	31%	69%
  India	24%	76%

• Zinc

  From 17,580 soil tests

  Okay
  Short 40% Enough 60%

  4 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

  What this means

  Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

  Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	40%	60%
  Karnataka	57%	43%
  India	35%	65%

• Iron

  From 17,580 soil tests

  Poor
  Short 56% Enough 44%

  6 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

  What this means

  Keeps young leaves green.

  Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	56%	44%
  Karnataka	50%	50%
  India	24%	76%

• Copper

  From 17,578 soil tests

  Good
  Short 2% Enough 98%

  Almost every soil test here had enough

  What this means

  Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

  Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	2%	98%
  Karnataka	5%	95%
  India	5%	95%

• Manganese

  From 17,581 soil tests

  Okay
  Short 20% Enough 80%

  2 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: spray manganese sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, on the young crop.

  What this means

  Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

  Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	20%	80%
  Karnataka	14%	86%
  India	12%	88%

• Boron

  From 17,577 soil tests

  Poor
  Short 55% Enough 45%

  5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

  What this means

  Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

  Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	55%	45%
  Karnataka	55%	45%
  India	44%	56%

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.